LC*GC

August 2017
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COLUMNS

• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  Method Adjustment for Gradient Elution
  John W. Dolan
  You have to be careful when adjusting gradient conditions.
  
• PERSPECTIVES IN MODERN HPLC
  UHPLC, Part II: Benefits
  Michael W. Dong and Davy Guillarme
  UHPLC’s benefits include fast analysis, high-resolution separations, reduced solvent and sample usage, enhanced sensitivity and precision, and more.
  
• THE ESSENTIALS
  The Secrets of Successful Temperature Programming
  A quick step-by-step guide for optimizing GC temperature programming.
  

SPECIAL FEATURE

• Celebrating 35 Years of LCGC
  Leading separation scientists share their perspectives on current challenges in separation science and where the field is heading. Contributions include
  • Analytical Characterization of Biopharmaceuticals,
    Davy Guillarme
  • Seeking the Holy Grail—Prediction of Chromatographic Retention Based Only on Chemical Structures,
    Paul R. Haddad
  • The Need for Improvements in Ultratrace Analysis for Biological and Environmental Analysis,
    Susan Olesik
  • Measuring Water: The Expanding Role of Gas Chromatography,
    Daniel W. Armstrong
  • Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography Is Breaking Through,
    Dwight R. Stoll
  • Redefining Simplicity in Ionization: Discovery and Implementation of Novel Ionization Processes in Mass Spectrometry,
    Sarah Trimpin
  • Proteoforms: A New Separation Dilemma,
    Fred E. Regnier and JinHee Kim
  • The Complementarity of Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry for Gas Chromatography Detection,
    Kevin A. Schug
  • Separations: A Way Forward,
    A.M. Stalcup
  • Having It All, and with Any Mass Spectrometer,
    Richard D. Smith
  • Miniaturizing Columns and Instruments in Liquid Chromatography,
    James P. Grinias and Glenn A. Kresge
  • Life in the Fast Lane with High-Throughput Separations,
    Robert T. Kennedy
  • Haven’t We Been Doing Multidimensional GC Analysis Forever? So, What Is New?
    Philip J. Marriott and Yong Foo Wong
  • Complex Matrices Analysis by Direct-Immersion SPME with Matrix-Compatible Coatings: A New Approach Compatible with Automation,
    Janusz Pawliszyn and Emanuela Gionfriddo
  • Profiling DNA and RNA Modifications Using Advanced LC–MS/MS Technologies,
    Hailin Wang and Weiyi Lai
  • Measuring More from Less: The Evolution of Hyphenated and Combined Measurements,
    Jonathan Sweedler
  • A Glimpse into the Rapidly Evolving and Expanding Field of Separation Science,
    Jared L. Anderson
  • The Future of the Extra Dimension in Liquid Chromatographic Separations,
    André de Villiers

DEPARTMENTS

• From the Editor
• Vendor Perspectives
• Ad Index

COLUMNS

• COLUMN WATCH
  New Advice on an Old Topic: Buffers in Reversed-Phase HPLC
  Sharon Lupo and Ty Kahler
  A model set of analytes and selected applications are used to demonstrate the effects that buffers can have on the selectivity of a separation and the sensitivity of a reversed-phase analysis when using MS detection.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  Column Care for the Long Haul — Considerations for Column Storage
  Dwight Stoll
  We consider some of the details associated with preparing a column for storage, with an eye toward choices that will pay dividends in future use.
  
• GC CONNECTIONS
  Effects of External Influences on GC Results
  John V. Hinshaw
  If you understand how your system is affected by outside influences, you can take control of the variables.
  
• FOCUS ON FOOD ANALYSIS
  Important Considerations Regarding Matrix Effects When Developing Reliable Analytical Residue Methods Using Mass Spectrometry
  Alexander J. Krynitsky, Jon W. Wong, Kai Zhang, and Hudan Safarpour
  Practical examples of how to correct for matrix effects in food testing to obtain reliable quantitative data using LC–MS and GC–MS
  
• THE ESSENTIALS
  Developing Better HPLC Methods: Setting Expectations
  Get the most from your method by considering what you want it to do and setting appropriate chromatographic parameters.
  

PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE

• Accurate Determination of Methane in Cable Insulation Material by Gas Bag Sampling and Multiple Headspace Extraction Gas Chromatography
  Clive Ji, Jian Zou, Yabin Sun, Changkan Zheng, and Grace Yang
  A method was developed to address the constraints encountered when measuring methane levels during the degassing process.
  

FEATURED INTERVIEW

• Volatile Separation: A Low-Density Approach
  Fabrice Gritti discusses how to separate and quantify both volatile and nonvolatile compounds in complex mixtures.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• Products & Resources
• Calendar
• Ad Index

COLUMNS

• COLUMN WATCH
  Evaluation of Retention and Selectivity Using Biphenyl Stationary Phases
  David S. Bell, Daniel Shollenberger, and Hugh Cramer
  In biphenyl phases, the surface chemistry often makes it possible to separate compounds not well resolved by C18 or phenyl phases.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  Method Adjustment the USP Way
  John W. Dolan
  How much of a change can you make to a USP method without revalidating the method?
  
• PERSPECTIVES IN MODERN HPLC
  UHPLC, Part I: Perspectives and Instrumental Features
  Michael W. Dong
  In this three-part series, we assess how UHPLC evolved into a modern platform. We start by examining the most important features common to most commercial instruments.
  
• FOCUS ON BIOPHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
  Applicability of Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange in Comparing Conformations of Innovator to Biosimilar Biopharmaceutical Products
  R.E. Iacob, J.R. Engen, and I.S. Krull
  Significant recent advances now enable routine usage of HDX-MS for comparing the conformations of biopharmaceutical products.
  
• THE ESSENTIALS
  Critical Evaluation of HPLC Methods: Working with Ionizable Analytes
  Improve your analysis of ionizable analytes with these hints and tips.
  

PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE

• Utility of the Summation Chromatographic Peak Integration Function to Avoid Manual Reintegrations in the Analysis of Targeted Analytes
  Steven J. Lehotay
  We present an empirical assessment of summation integration involving 490 low-pressure GC–MS/MS analyses of 70 pesticides in 10 common fruits and vegetables over the course of 10 days.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Products & Resources
• Ad Index

COLUMNS

• SAMPLE PREP PERSPECTIVES
  New Sample Preparation Products and Accessories for 2017
  Douglas E. Raynie
  Our yearly report on new sample prep instrumentation and products
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  Count the Cost, Part III: Increasing Resolution by Changing Selectivity
  John W. Dolan
  To change selectivity in LC, which variable should you choose?
  
• GC CONNECTIONS
  New Gas Chromatography Products for 2016–2017
  John V. Hinshaw
  Annual review of new developments in the field of GC
  
• THE ESSENTIALS
  The Secrets of Successful Gradient Elution
  What is required to optimize a gradient elution HPLC method?
  

PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES

• Mitigating the Effect of Surfactants in Sample Preparation of a Phospholipid Formulation for Impurities Analysis by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography
  James Tam and Andrei Blasko
  When a formulation change reduced the drug load sixfold, a new sample preparation approach was needed to ensure a robust method.
  
• Statistics for Analysts Who Hate Statistics, Part VI: Derringer Desirability Functions
  Caroline West
  Derringer desirability functions provide a simple way to define “the best” of anything, even when comparing apples and oranges.
  

SPECIAL FEATURES

• Pat Sandra: LCGC’s 2017 Lifetime Achievement Award Winner
  Reflections on a career blending academia and entrepreneurship
  
• Deirdre Cabooter: LCGC’s 2017 Emerging Leader in Chromatography Award Winner
  How does the career of a young leader get started?
  
• Improved Methods for Analyzing Wastewater and Sediments
  Eric Nelson discusses methods for analyzing halogenated transformation products of pharmaceuticals and other contaminants.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• Products & Resources
• Calendar
• Short Courses
• Call for Papers
• Ad Index

COLUMNS

• COLUMN WATCH
  New Chromatography Columns and Accessories for 2017
  David S. Bell
  Our annual review of new liquid chromatography (LC) columns and accessories, including an analysis of the overall trends.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  Count the Cost, Part II: Increasing Resolution by Increasing Retention
  John Dolan
  Learn how to find the “sweet spot” in terms of retention for a liquid chromatography separation and how to estimate how much a change in mobile-phase percent organic will affect retention.
  
• PERSPECTIVES IN MODERN HPLC
  New HPLC Systems and Related Products: A Brief Review
  Michael W. Dong
  A review of the new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instruments, modules, and software that were introduced at Pittcon 2017 and during the year prior, including descriptions of their innovative features and significant benefits.
  
• THE ESSENTIALS
  Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography for Biopharmaceutical Analysis
  HIC employs nondenaturing conditions, does not require the use of organic solvents or high temperatures, and is carried out at physiological pH, thus allowing protein structure to be preserved.
  

PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE

• Maximization of Selectivity in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatographic Method Development Strategies
  Melvin R. Euerby, Mark Fever, Jennifer Hulse, Matthew James, Patrik Petersson, and Colin Pipe
  The approach described here will help chromatographers produce highly efficient method development strategies for reversed-phase LC separations in a relatively short time frame.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• Products & Resources
• Ad Index

COLUMNS

• SAMPLE PREP PERSPECTIVES
  The Use of Extraction Technologies in Food Safety Studies
  Doug Raynie and Changling Qiu
  New extraction techniques can improve the accuracy and precision of analytical results and simplify analytical procedures.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  Count the Cost, Part I: Increasing Resolution by Increasing Column Efficiency
  John W. Dolan
  Here’s how to estimate the effects of changes in column length and particle diameter without conducting experiments in the laboratory.
  
• GC CONNECTIONS
  Improving GC Performance Systematically
  John V. Hinshaw
  Changing just one variable at a time is often the best approach.
  
• THE ESSENTIALS
  Gaining Sensitivity in Environmental GC–MS
  Improve results by optimizing the injection, column, and detection.
  

PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES

• Applying LC with Low-Resolution MS/MS and Subsequent Library Search for Reliable Compound Identification in Systematic Toxicological Analysis
  Florian Pitterl, Sebastian Köb, Johanna Pitterle, Julia Steger, and Herbert Oberacher
  Upon testing with 919 samples, this method produced excellent results.
  
• Statistics for Analysts Who Hate Statistics, Part V: Discriminant Analysis
  Caroline West
  Discriminant analysis is an approach that deserves more attention.
  
• High-Throughput Liquid–Liquid Extraction in 96-Well Format: Parallel Artificial Liquid Membrane Extraction
  Astrid Gjelstad, Alf Terje Andresen, Anders Dahlgren, Thomas E. Gundersen, and Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
  PALME almost eliminates consumption of hazardous solvents.
  
• Electrophoretic Concentration—A Simple and Green Approach for Sample Preparation
  Alain Wuethrich, Paul R. Haddad, and Joselito P. Quirino
  We explain the principles of EC and demonstrate its use to enrich anionic pollutants and cationic drugs in environmental samples.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• Chromatography Corner
• Products & Resources
• Calendar
• Short Courses
• Ad Index

COLUMNS

• COLUMN WATCH
  A Simple and Interactive Column Classification for Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography: The Carotenoid Test, Part II: Additional Studies and Practical Use of the Classification Map
  Eric Lesellier
  This interactive classification map is a powerful tool for gaining useful knowledge about the properties of bonded LC stationary phases.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  Filters and Filtration in Liquid Chromatography — What To Do
  Dwight Stoll
  Proper filtering is important to protect LC system components and deliver high quality analytical results. In some cases, however, it makes sense to deviate from best practices.
  
• HISTORY OF CHROMATOGRAPHY
  Going Through Phases
  David McCalley
  Peter Myers on the past, present, and future of stationary phases
  
• THE ESSENTIALS
  Advantages of Using Nitrogen in Capillary GC
  The most prominent advantage of using nitrogen as a carrier gas is that it is the most efficient one when used at its optimum linear velocity.
  

PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES

• Generic UHPLC Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Compounds with a Wide Range of Polarities
  Glenn Loos, Monika Dittmann, Konstantin Shoykhet,Gert Desmet, and Deirdre Cabooter
  There is increasing demand to analyze samples with a wide range of polarities, in fields such as environmental analysis and proteomics.
  

FEATURED ARTICLE

• The 2017 LCGC Awards
  Lewis Botcherby
  We explore the careers and achievements of the winners of LCGC’s 10th annual awards: Pat Sandra and Deirdre Cabooter.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• Products & Resources
• Chromatography Corner
• Calendar
• Ad Index

COLUMNS

• IR SPECTRAL INTERPRETATION WORKSHOP
  The C-O Bond, Part I: Introduction and the Infrared Spectroscopy of Alcohols
  Brian C. Smith
  The number and position of C-O stretches will help us identify functional groups such as alcohols and ethers, and will help us distinguish between members of the same molecular class.
  
• LASERS AND OPTICS INTERFACE
  Next-Generation Mid-Infrared Chemical and Biological Sensors: Combining Quantum Cascade Lasers with Thin-Film and Hollow Waveguides
  Julian Haas, Erhan Tütüncü, Andreas Wilk, Vjekoslav Kokoric, and Boris Mizaikoff
  The inherent molecular specificity in the mid-infrared spectral regime allows for trace analysis in liquids, solids, and gases.
  
• SPECTROSCOPY SPOTLIGHT
  Measuring Wheat Flour Purity Using Quantitative NIR Chemical Imaging
  An interview with David Wetzel of Kansas State University
  Near-infrared (NIR) chemical imaging makes it possible to obtain spectra from individual pixels within a field of view for analysis of complex, heterogeneous mixtures such as flour.
  

TECHNICAL ARTICLES

• Determination of Low Levels of Chromium in Biological Samples by ICP-MS Using Hydrogen as a Reaction Gas
  Ed Connor, Andrew Ryan, and Peio Riss
  Using hydrogen allowed for greater accuracy and a lower level of quantitation.
  
• Microwave Digestion for Elemental Impurities Analysis According to ICH and USP Guidelines
  Reynhardt Klopper
  In this study, recovery rates between 92% and 105%, combined with very low variations (RSD <5.5%, n = 3) were achieved for three different pharmaceutical products.
  
• Automated Flow Injection Coupled with ICP-MS for the Online Determination of Trace Silver in Seawater
  Zuhao Zhu and Airong Zheng
  An easily constructed flow injection system can be used with this robust FI-ICP-MS method for daily measurements of silver in seawater in an ordinary ICP-MS laboratory.
  

FEATURE

• The 2017 Emerging Leader in Atomic Spectroscopy Award
  Megan L’Heureux
  George Chan has already produced important advances in ICP-AES, LIBS, laser-ablation molecular isotopic spectrometry (LAMIS), and ambient ionization mass spectrometry.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• News Spectrum
• Products & Resources
• Calendar
• Ad Index
• Book Review